The Past to Present Emir of the Sokoto Caliphate.

The Past to Present Emir of the Sokoto Caliphate. The Sultans were also styled Amir al-Mu´minin and Sarkin Musulmi, ("King of the Muslims", basically the autonomous form of the former, which is the Arabic style of Caliphs and other independent sovereign Muslim rulers that claim legitimacy from a community of Muslims); Mai, occurring in various Sultans' surnames, is another autonomous title.   # Name Birth and death Reign started Reign ended Lineage  1 Muhammed Bello 1781 Unknown –1837 Wurno,(aged 58,21 April 1817,25 October 1837,Son of Usman dan Fodio   2 Abubakar I Atiku,1782 Unknown–1842 Sokoto,(aged 60),26 October 1837,23 November 1842,Son of Usman dan Fodio   3 Ali Babba bin Bello,1808 Unknown–1859Sokoto (aged 51),30 November 1842,21 October 1859,Son of Muhammed Bello   4 Ahmadu Atiku 24 October 1859 2 November 1866 Son ofAbu Bakr Atiku   5 Aliu Karami 6 November 1866 18 October 1867 Son of Muhammed Bello   6 Ahmadu Rufai 21 October 1867 12 March 1873 Son ofUsman dan Fodio   7 Abubakar II Atiku na Raba 16 March 1873 28 March 1877 Son ofMuhammed Bello   8 Mu'azu 6 April 1877 26 September 1881 Son of Muhammed Bello   9 Umaru bin Ali 3 October 1881 25 March 1891 Son ofAli Babba bin Bello   10 Abderrahman dan Abi Bakar 25 March 1891 10 October 1902 Son ofAbu Bakr I Atiku   11 Muhammadu Attahiru I 13 October 1902 15 March 1903 Son ofAhmadu Atiku   12 Muhammadu Attahiru II 21 March 1903 1915 Son ofAli Babba bin Bello   13 Muhammadu dan Ahmadu 1915 1924 Son ofAhmadu Atiku   14 Muhammadu dan Muhammadu 1924 1931 Son ofMuhammadu dan Ahmadu   15 Hasan dan Mu'azu Ahmadu 1931 1938 Son of Mu'azu   16 Siddiq Abubakar III 15 March 1903,Dange –1 November 1988 Sokoto,(aged 85) 1938 1988,Grandson of u'azu   17Ibrahim Dasuki,23 December 1923 Dogondaji - 14 November 2016 Abuja (aged 93) 6 November 1988,20 April 1996 (deposed),Great-great-grandson of Uthman dan Fodio[2]     18 Muhammadu Maccido 20 April 1926 Dange Shuni– 29 October 2006 (near Abuja)(aged 80) 20 April 1996 29 October 2006 Son of Siddiq Abubakar III   19 Sa'adu Abubakar 24 August 1956 Sokoto– 2 November 2006,Current Son of Siddiq Abubakar III Genealogical Tree of the Sultans of Sokoto,Mallam Muhammadu Fodio.   1 Usman dan Fodio 1804–1815,Abdullahi dan Fodio Emir of Gwandu     2 Muhammed Bello 1817–1837 3 Abubakar I Atiku 1837–1842 6 Ahmadu Rufai 1867–1873,Muhammed Buhari        4 Ali Babba bin Bello 1842–1859 7 Aliu Karami 1866–1867 8Abubakar II Atiku na Raba 1873–1877 9 Mu'azu Ahmadu1877-1881,Umaru Ngwamatse Emir of Kontagora 5 AhmaduAtiku1859–1866 11Abder Rahman Atiku1891–1902,Abdullahi Barau      10 Umaru bin Ali 1881–1891 13 MuhammaduAttahiru II1903–1915 16 Hasan dan Mu'azu Ahmadu1931–1938,Usman Shehu 12 Muhammadu Attahiru I1902–1903 14 Muhammadu Maiturare 1915-1924,Haliru Ibn Barau     17 Siddiq Abubakar III 1938–1988 15 Muhammadu Tambari  1924–1931 18,Ibrahim Dasuki 1988–1996     19 Muhammadu Maccido 1996–2006 20 Sa'adu Abubakar2006–   to Present. ------------------------------------------------------ In the North, the legacy of the Sokoto Caliphate and its Islamic traditions bore handsome fruits for the Fulani aristocracy as the great – grandsons and direct descendants of the conqueror of the Hausa, Nupe, and Ilorin – Yoruba state walked back into supreme and expanded power in Northern Nigeria. As the minority ruling group was in full control in the Northern Region while in the Southern Region, there were fresh political ethnic majorities in power. Today, those who exercise national power do so from minority positions, Indeed, of the three groups that attained national power in the early politics of the decolonization decade of the 1950s namely Yoruba, Igbo and Fulani, the only group that still retain power at the national level is the Fulani aristocracy which was not a demographic majority in the first place.  Consequently,on the above,some controversial conclusions are reached. It no longer makes good academic sense to rate the Igbo as a majority power bloc in the past bellum era of Nigeria political history or could one say of the Yoruba that they constitute an effective power bloc despite producing Military & Civilian Heads of State. In spite of the views in the South to the contrary, the majority Hausa have never been an independent power bloc in the North, as they have only exercised as much power as their Fulani overlords have allowed them. Visit these published Articles’ websites. https://maziliteralworks.wordpress.com http://maziliteralworks.blogspot.com http://maziliteralworks.hatenablog.com/ http://disqus.com/home/channel/mazipatrick/ https://maziliteralworks.tumblr.com Tweets by Maziliteraworks Regards, Mazi Patrick  O.,email: akwaba2000@gmail.com Thinker, Writer, Political Strategist, Historian & Psychoanalyst.